Research

Geometry/Topology
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Monday, April 21, 2025

Title: Integral Transformation of KZ-Type Equations and the Construction of Braid Group Representations
Speaker: Haru Negami, Chiba University, Japan
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108
Sponsor: W. Ma

Abstract

This work establishes a correspondence between the multiplicative middle convolution of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ)-type equations [2], an integral transformation that reproduces the KZ-type equation, and the Katz-Long-Moody construction [3], an algebraic method for constructing infinitely many representations of the braid group \(B_n\).

Braid group representations play a pivotal role in mathematics, with applications in topology, representation theory, and mathematical physics [1]. The KZ equation [4], central to conformal field theory, is connected to Appell-Lauricella hypergeometric series, Selberg integrals, and other areas. The KZ-type equation is a certain generalization of the KZ equation. The fundamental group of the domain of the \(n\)-variable KZ-type equation corresponds to the pure braid group \(P_n\). Thus, the monodromy representation of the KZ-type equation is the anti-representation of \(P_n\). Haraoka’s convolution method can be interpreted as constructing anti-representations of \(P_n\) from existing ones.

Katz’s middle convolution technique, extended by Dettweiler and Reiter, enhances the analytic framework by constructing differential equations with specified monodromy representations. On the algebraic side, the Katz-Long-Moody construction systematically generates representations of \(B_n\) from those of \(F_n B_n\), extending Long’s foundational methods [5]. This unified approach combines algebraic and geometric perspectives to study the braid group.

Finally, the potential applications of this method to other fields, such as knot theory and quantum computing, are also discussed.

References

  1. Birman, J. S., Brendle, T. E. (2005). Braids: a survey. In: “Handbook of Knot Theory”, eds. Menasco, W. and Thistlethwaite, M., Elsevier, 19–103.
  2. Haraoka, Y. (2020). Multiplicative middle convolution for KZ equations. Mathematische Zeitschrift, 294(3), 1787–1839.
  3. Hiroe, K., Negami, H. (2023). Long-Moody construction of braid representations and Katz middle convolution. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.05770.
  4. Knizhnik, V. and Zamolodchikov, A. (1984), Current algebra and Wess-Zumino model in 2 dimensions, Nuclear Physics B, 247(1), 83–103.
  5. Long, D. D. (1994). Constructing representations of braid groups. Communications in Analysis and Geometry, 2(2), 217–238.

Monday, April 14, 2025

Title: On Gromov's Positive Scalar Curvature conjecture for RAAGs
Speaker: Alexander Dranishnikov, University of Florida
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

Gromov's PSC conjecture for a discrete group \(G\) states that the universal cover of a closed PSC \(n\)-manifold with the fundamental group \(G\) has the macroscopic dimension less than or equal to \(n-2\). We prove Gromov's conjecture for right-angled Artin groups (RAAGs).

This is joint work with Satya Howladar.

Monday, April 7, 2025

Title: Simple knots in lens spaces that surger to \(S^1\times S^2\)
Speaker: Shiyu Liang, University of Texas at Austin
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

A knot in a lens space is said to be spherical if it admits Dehn surgery yielding \(S^1\times S^2\). We classify spherical simple knots and thereby confirm the completeness of the list by Baker, Buck, and Lecuona using rational Seifert surfaces and Morse functions. Additionally, we show that the homology classes of spherical knots are determined by simple knots, analogous to Greene's work in the context of the Berge Conjecture (i.e., surgeries yielding \(S^3\)).

Monday, March 31, 2025

Title: Some fivebrane bordism groups at the prime 2
Speaker: Hassan Abdallah, Wayne State University
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

Given a smooth \(n\)-dimensional manifold \(M\), a tangential G-structure on \(M\) is a lift of the classifying map of the tangent bundle of \(M\) to \(BG\), the classifying space of \(G\). If \(G=\mathrm{SO}(n)\) or \(G=\operatorname{Spin}(n)\), this gives the familiar notion of an orientation or spin structure. A higher analog of orientations and spin structures is that of a fivebrane structure, named based on its relationship to ideas from physics. While the bordism groups of orientable and spin manifolds are well-understood, very little is known about the bordism groups of fivebrane manifolds. The fivebrane bordism groups are isomorphic, via the Pontryagin-Thom construction, to the homotopy groups of the Thom spectrum \(MO<9>\), which has connections to deep ideas in stable homotopy theory. In this talk, I will present new calculations of some fivebrane bordism groups at the prime 2 using the Adams spectral sequence.

Monday, March 24, 2025

Title: Legendrian Representatives of Knots Realizing the Thurston-Bennequin Bound
Speaker: Zhenkun Li
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

In this talk, we investigate the Legendrian representatives of knots in contact 3-manifolds, particularly focusing on knots that achieve the three-dimensional Thurston-Bennequin bound. We show that any non-trivial knot in the standard tight contact structure on \(S^3\) that realizes this bound necessarily admits a Legendrian representative with non-negative Thurston-Bennequin invariant. Our approach combines techniques from suture Floer homology, convex surface decomposition, and open book decompositions, bridging knot Floer homology and contact geometry. This is a join work with Shunyu Wan.

Monday, March 10, 2025

Title: Mathematical Representations of DNA: Revealing Evolutionary and Environmental Signals in the Genome
Speaker: Lila Kari, University of Waterloo
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 109
Sponsor: N. Jonoska

Abstract

Mathematical representations of DNA, such as Chaos Game Representation (CGR) of DNA sequences, provide a powerful lens for uncovering hidden evolutionary and environmental signals in genomes.

In this study, we used this approach alongside machine learning techniques to analyze microbial genomes, and discovered that extreme environmental pressures can sometimes override traditional taxonomic influences in the genome. By examining genomic signatures across a diverse dataset of extremophiles, we identified unexpected similarities between highly divergent microbial species, suggesting that shared environmental conditions drive convergent genomic adaptations. These patterns persist across the genome, reinforcing the idea that environmental pressures shape DNA composition beyond protein-coding regions. Our findings provide compelling evidence that environment-driven genomic signatures can transcend taxonomic boundaries, offering new perspectives on microbial evolution.

By integrating mathematical models with computational methods and biological insights, this research challenges conventional views on microbial evolution and deepens our understanding of how extreme environments shape life at the molecular level.

Monday, February 24, 2025

Title: The maximum connectivity for domains admitting global projective connections
Speaker: Razvan Teodorescu
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

We consider a domain in the plane, with finite connectivity n and well-defined geodesic curvature on each boundary component. Assume a projective connection can be defined globally, transforming covariantly under conformal mapping, such that on each boundary component it reduces to a Riemannian metric. Then the maximal connectivity \(n=2\) and it corresponds to a family of domains solving an extremal conformal modulus problem.

Monday, February 17, 2025

Title: The (fractional) Dehn twist coefficient and infinite-type surfaces
Speaker: Hannah Turner, Stockton University
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

The fractional Dehn twist coefficient (FDTC) is an invariant of a self-map of a surface which is some measure of how the map twists near a boundary component of the surface. It has mostly been studied for compact surfaces; in this setting the invariant is always a fraction. I will discuss work to give a new definition of the invariant which has a natural extension to infinite-type surfaces and show that it has surprising properties in this setting. In particular, the invariant no longer needs to be a fraction — any real number amount of twisting can be achieved! I will also discuss a new set of examples of (tame) big mapping classes called wagon wheel maps which exhibit irrational twisting behavior. This is joint work in progress with Diana Hubbard and Peter Feller.

Monday, February 10, 2025

Title: Spectral invariants and positive scalar curvature on ribbon homology 4-dimensional cobordism
Speaker: Minh Nguyen, WUSTL
Time: 1:00pm–2:00pm
Place: CMC 120

Abstract

Information about sectional curvature and Ricci curvature tends to make the underlying manifold “rigid” topologically. This is not the case for scalar curvature, e.g., obstruction to existence of positive scalar curvature (psc) is often via some topological invariants. In this talk, we use the Chern-Simons-Dirac functional to define an \(R\)-filtration on monopole Floer homology \(HM(Y)\) of a rational homology 3-sphere \(Y\). We define a numerical quantity \(\rho\) (spectral invariant) that measures the non-triviality of \(HM(Y)\). It turns out that \(\rho\) is an invariant of \(Y\) with a geometric structure. Using \(\rho\), we give an obstruction to psc on ribbon homology cobordsim between 2 rational homology spheres.

Monday, February 3, 2025

Title: A point-line incidence structure
Speaker: Brian Curtin
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

We introduce an incidence structure consisting of a set of points and two multisets of families of parallel classes of lines which satisfy \((R-1)\) two lines of different types meet in exactly one point and \((R-2)\) each family of parallel lines partitions the points. We describe basic properties of these objects and present some related combinatorial objects. We will discuss how these results are analogous to known results for other point-line incidence structures, such as those related to Latin squares.

Monday, January 27, 2025

Title: In Search for Hochschild cohomology of quandle algebras
Speaker: Mohamed Elhamdadi
Time: 2:00pm–3:00pm
Place: CMC 108

Abstract

Hochschild cohomology of associative algebras appears in many areas of mathematics such as algebraic geometry, topology, functional analysis and K-theory. Hochschild 1-cocycles are derivations and form Lie algebras.

We will review Hochschild cohomology and then introduce derivations over quandle algebras. This can be seen as an initiation to a general Hochschild cohomology theory of quandle algebras which are non-associative.